The four aero-dynamic forces which act on A/C for obtaining take-off, cruising (i.e. flying at a constant speed and maintaining a constant heading and a constant altitude) and landing ability in the air are Lift, Weight, Thrust and Drag.
An airplane derives its forward motion from the thrust provided by the engine-driven propeller. If the aircraft is maintaining a constant height, direction and speed then the thrust force acting forward along the flight path, exactly equals the backward force, drag - generated by the air resistance.
The forward motion creates an airflow over the wings and the dynamic pressure changes within this airflow create an upward acting force or lift, which will balance the force due to gravity, weight – acting downward. Thus in normal unaccelerated flight the four basic forces acting on the aircraft are approximately in equilibrium. The pilot is able to change the direction and magnitude of these forces and thereby control the speed, flight path and performance of the airplane.
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